Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Artificial teamwork</jats:title> <jats:p> Artificially intelligent agents are getting better and better at two-player games, but most real-world endeavors require teamwork. Jaderberg <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> designed a computer program that excels at playing the video game <jats:italic>Quake III Arena</jats:italic> in Capture the Flag mode, where two multiplayer teams compete in capturing the flags of the opposing team. The agents were trained by playing thousands of games, gradually learning successful strategies not unlike those favored by their human counterparts. Computer agents competed successfully against humans even when their reaction times were slowed to match those of humans. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6443" page="859" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="364" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aau6249">859</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Three rights can make a wrong</jats:title> <jats:p> Many diseases are thought to arise from co-inheritance of rare genetic variants that are benign on their own but harmful in combination. This hypothesis has been difficult to validate by functional experiments. Gifford <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> sequenced the genomes of two parents who were asymptomatic and their three children, all of whom had early-onset heart disease. They identified three likely culprit genetic variants, two in transcription factor genes linked to heart development and one in a gene encoding a muscle structural protein. When they introduced these three variants together into mice by gene editing, the mice developed heart disease resembling that seen in the children. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6443" page="865" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="364" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat5056">865</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Visualizing a tiny crystal</jats:title> <jats:p> Electrons repel each other. When confined to a small space, electrons can form an ordered, crystalline state called the Wigner crystal. Observing this fragile crystal is tricky because it requires extreme conditions—low temperatures and densities—and very noninvasive probes. Shapir <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> created such conditions in a carbon nanotube, which housed the electrons, and a second nanotube that scanned the first nanotube, serving as a probe. The measured electronic densities were consistent with theoretical predictions for small Wigner crystals of up to six electrons in one dimension. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6443" page="870" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="364" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aat0905">870</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Teleporting a trapped-ion quantum gate</jats:title> <jats:p> Gating—controlling the state of one qubit conditioned on the state of another—is a key procedure in all quantum information processors. As the scale of quantum processors increases, the qubits will need to interact over larger and larger distances, which presents an experimental challenge in solid-state architectures. Wan <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> implemented the 20-year-old theoretical proposal of quantum gate teleportation that allows separated qubits to interact effectively. They deterministically teleported a controlled-NOT gate between two computational qubits in spatially separated zones in a segmented ion trap, demonstrating a feasible route toward scalable quantum information processors. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6443" page="875" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="364" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaw9415">875</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Breaking symmetry with single spins</jats:title> <jats:p> The energetics of quantum systems are typically described by Hermitian Hamiltonians. The exploration of non-Hermitian physics in classical parity-time (PT)–symmetric systems has provided fertile theoretical and experimental ground to develop systems exhibiting exotic behavior. Wu <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> now demonstrate that non-Hermitian physics can be found in a solid-state quantum system. They developed a protocol, termed dilation, which transformed a PT-symmetric Hamiltonian into a Hermitian one. This allowed them to investigate PT-symmetric physics with a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. The results provide a starting point for exploiting and understanding the exotic properties of PT-symmetric Hamiltonians in quantum systems. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6443" page="878" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="364" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaw8205">878</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Not all that protected, after all</jats:title> <jats:p> The intention of creating protected natural areas is to protect them in the long term from destructive human activities. Governments do not always follow these intentions, however, and often legally remove protections and reduce the extent of protected areas. Golden Kroner <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> looked across the United States and Amazonia over the past 200 years and found more than 700 such changes, two-thirds of which have occurred since the year 2000 (see the Perspective by Naughton-Treves and Holland). The majority of these were to permit destructive practices, such as resource extraction. Thus, these changes do not just alter status but lead to irreparable environmental harm. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6443" page="881" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="364" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aau5525">881</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6443" page="832" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="364" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aax6392">832</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Well prepared</jats:title> <jats:p> It is well known that species radiate into new niches by adapting to novel environments. But why do some species radiate in this way, while other, related, species do not. Ishikawa <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> looked across sticklebacks to determine why some, originally marine, lineages were able to colonize postglacial freshwater environments (see the Perspective by Weber and Tong). They found that a gene involved in fatty acid desaturation was duplicated in freshwater lineages. Transgenic manipulation of this gene allowed marine lineages to synthesize fatty acids and thus survive on fatty acid–deficient freshwater diets. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6443" page="886" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="364" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aau5656">886</jats:related-article> ; see also p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6443" page="831" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="364" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aax7936">831</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Metasurfaces get ultrafast pulses into shape</jats:title> <jats:p> Nanostructured metasurfaces have been designed to function as many passive optical elements. Now, Divitt <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> demonstrate that metasurfaces can also be operated as time-dependent active optical elements. They used an array of dielectric metasurfaces to demonstrate pulse shaping of ultrashort (femtosecond) pulses in the near-infrared by manipulating the phase and amplitude of the frequency components. The results present a path for the development of dynamic metasurfaces as a platform for miniaturized optical technology with advanced time-dependent functionality. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6443" page="890" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="364" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aav9632">890</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:title>Targeting mosquitoes to target malaria</jats:title> <jats:p> Anopheline mosquitoes transmit the malaria parasite, but the insects themselves are prone to their own infections. Lovett <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> engineered a specific fungal pathogen of anophelines to carry insect-selective toxins. The effectiveness of this fungus for controlling mosquitoes was trialed in near-field conditions in Burkina Faso in a setup called MosquitoSphere. Approximately 75% of wild insecticide-resistant mosquitoes released into the environment became infected with the transgenic fungus, causing population collapse within 45 days. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Science</jats:italic> , this issue p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6443" page="894" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="364" xlink:href="10.1126/science.aaw8737">894</jats:related-article> </jats:p>

<jats:p>A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.</jats:p>