Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:p>A rich history of genetics probes the social and ethical implications of human heredity</jats:p>

<jats:p> Olive <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> . (Reports, 16 October 2015, p. 310) argue that ~10% fluctuations in melt supply do not produce appreciable changes in ocean ridge bathymetry on time scales less than 100,000 years and thus cannot reflect sea level forcing. Spectral analysis of bathymetry in a region they highlight as being fault controlled, however, shows strong evidence for a signal from sea level variation. </jats:p>

<jats:p> Huybers <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> . present new bathymetric spectra from an intermediate-spreading ridge as evidence for a primary contribution of sea level cycles to the morphology of the seafloor. Although we acknowledge the possibility that sea level–modulated magmatic constructions may be superimposed on a first-order tectonic fabric, we emphasize the difficulty of deciphering these different contributions in the frequency domain alone. </jats:p>

<jats:p> RNA contains more than 100 distinct modifications that promote the functions of stable noncoding RNAs in translation and splicing. Recent technical advances have revealed widespread and sparse modification of messenger RNAs with <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> <jats:sup>6</jats:sup> -methyladenosine (m <jats:sup>6</jats:sup> A), 5-methylcytosine (m <jats:sup>5</jats:sup> C), and pseudouridine (Ψ). Here we discuss the rapidly evolving understanding of the location, regulation, and function of these dynamic mRNA marks, collectively termed the epitranscriptome. We highlight differences among modifications and between species that could instruct ongoing efforts to understand how specific mRNA target sites are selected and how their modification is regulated. Diverse molecular consequences of individual m <jats:sup>6</jats:sup> A modifications are beginning to be revealed, but the effects of m <jats:sup>5</jats:sup> C and Ψ remain largely unknown. Future work linking molecular effects to organismal phenotypes will broaden our understanding of mRNA modifications as cell and developmental regulators. </jats:p>

<jats:p>The eukaryotic 5′ untranslated region (UTR) is critical for ribosome recruitment to the messenger RNA (mRNA) and start codon choice and plays a major role in the control of translation efficiency and shaping the cellular proteome. The ribosomal initiation complex is assembled on the mRNA via a cap-dependent or cap-independent mechanism. We describe various mechanisms controlling ribosome scanning and initiation codon selection by 5′ upstream open reading frames, translation initiation factors, and primary and secondary structures of the 5′UTR, including particular sequence motifs. We also discuss translational control via phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2, which is implicated in learning and memory, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.</jats:p>